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GALLSTONES – GENERAL INFORMATION
Pure cholesterol stones make up only about six per cent and are usually large, either occurring singly or, at the most, in groups of two or three.
Stones made from bile pigments comprise about 12 per cent of the total. They are black and vary from multiple minute particles (biliary mud) to irregular larger stones covered with small projections.
Pigment stones make up the bulk of gallstones in some communities, such as Korean and Japanese country dwellers, but 80 per cent of stones are the mixed type and contain both cholesterol and pigment as well as calcium salts.
The presence of calcium in the stone makes it opaque to X-rays and so is visible on an X-ray film without the need for contrast medium. Mixed stones are nearly always multiple. Usually dozens, sometimes more than a hundred, are present and, by rubbing against each other, tend to be faceted.
Not all gallstones lead to symptoms. Some are found at autopsies or operations without the owners ever being troubled by them.
This is more likely with a solitary cholesterol stone. The commonest symptom is a flatulent dyspepsia. The person has a fullness after food, frequent belching and heart-burn. These symptoms are more common following a fatty meal.
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